68 comments

  • fancyfredbot 2 hours ago

    Who are these agressive scrapers run by?

    It is difficult to figure out the incentives here. Why would anyone want to pull data from LWN (or any other site) at a rate which would cause a DDOS like attack?

    If I run a big data hungry AI lab consuming training data at 100Gb/s it's much much easier to scrape 10,000 sites at 10Mb/s than DDOS a smaller number of sites with more traffic. Of course the big labs want this data but why would they risk the reputational damage of overloading popular sites in order to pull it in an hour instead of a day or two?

      overfeed 10 minutes ago

      > If I run a big data hungry AI lab consuming training data at 100Gb/s it's much much easier to...

      You are incorrectly assuming competency, thoughtful engineering and/or some modicum of care for negative externalities. The scraper may have been whipped up by AI, and shipped an hour later after a quick 15-minute test against en.wikipedia.org.

      Whoever the perpetrator is, they are hiding behind "residential IP providers" so there's no reputational risks. Further, AI companies are generally known to engage in distasteful practices, but popular wisdom claims that they make up for the awfulness with utility, so even if it turns out to be a big org like OpenAI or Anthropic, people will shrug their shoulders and move on.

      dannyobrien 36 minutes ago

      I've been asking this for a while, especially as a lot of the early blame went on the big, visible US companies like OpenAI and Anthropic. While their incentives are different from search engines (as someone said early on in this onslaught, "a search engine needs your site to stay up; an AI company doesn't"), that's quite a subtle incentive difference. Just avoiding the blocks that inevitably spring up when you misbehave is a incentive the other way -- and probably the biggest reason robots.txt obedience, delays between accesses, back-off algorithms etc are widespread. We have a culture that conveys all of these approaches, and reciprocality has its part, but I suspect that's part of the encouragement to adopt them. It could that they're just too much of a hurry not to follow the rules, or it could be others hiding behind those bot-names (or others). Unsure.

      Anyway, I think the (currently small[1]) but growing problem is going to be individuals using AI agents to access web-pages. I think this falls under the category of the traffic that people are concerned about, even though it's under an individual users' control, and those users are ultimately accessing that information (though perhaps without seeing the ads that pay of it). AI agents are frequently zooming off and collecting hundreds of citations for an individual user, in the time that a user-agent under manual control of a human would click on a few links. Even if those links aren't all accessed, that's going to change the pattern of organic browsing for websites.

      Another challenge is that with tools like Claude Cowork, users are increasingly going to be able to create their own, one-off, crawlers. I've had a couple of occasions when I've ended up crafting a crawler to answer a question, and I've had to intervene and explicitly tell Claude to "be polite", before it would build in time-delays and the like (I got temporarily blocked by NASA because I hadn't noticed Claude was hammering a 404 page).

      The Web was always designed to be readable by humans and machines, so I don't see a fundamental problem now that end-users have more capability to work with machines to learn what they need. But even if we track down and sucessfully discourage bad actors, we need to work out how to adapt to the changing patterns of how good actors, empowered by better access to computation, can browse the web.

      [1] - https://radar.cloudflare.com/ai-insights#ai-bot-crawler-traf...

        dannyobrien 34 minutes ago

        (and if anyone from Anthropic or OpenAI is reading this: teach your models to be polite when they write crawlers! It's actually an interesting alignment issue that they don't consider the externalities of their actions right now!)

          pstuart 3 minutes ago

          Hell, they should at least be caching those requests rather than hitting the endpoint on every single AI request that needs the info.

      philipkglass an hour ago

      I don't think that most of them are from big-name companies. I run a personal web site that has been periodically overwhelmed by scrapers, prompting me to update my robots.txt with more disallows.

      The only big AI company I recognized by name was OpenAI's GPTBot. Most of them are from small companies that I'm only hearing of for the first time when I look at their user agents in the Apache logs. Probably the shadiest organizations aren't even identifying their requests with a unique user agent.

      As for why a lot of dumb bots are interested in my web pages now, when they're already available through Common Crawl, I don't know.

        iamnothere an hour ago

        Maybe someone is putting out public “scraper lists” that small companies or even individuals can use to find potentially useful targets, perhaps with some common scraper tool they are using? That could explain it? I am also mystified by this.

      velox_neb an hour ago

      I bet some guy just told Claude Code to archive all of LWN for him on a whim.

        tux3 32 minutes ago

        Some guy doesn't show up with 10k residential IPs. This is deliberate and organized.

          kleene_op 21 minutes ago

          LLMs just do be paperclipping

        chrisjj 24 minutes ago

        Can Claude Code even do that? Rather than provide code to do that.

      bjackman an hour ago

      LWN includes archives of a bunch of mailing lists so that might be a factor. There are a LOT of web on that domain.

      ks2048 17 minutes ago

      Perhaps incompetence instead of malice - a misconfigured or buggy scraper, etc.

      kylehotchkiss 2 hours ago

      china (alibaba and tencent)

        fancyfredbot an hour ago

        I'm not at all sure alibaba or tencent would actually want to DDOS LWN or any other popular website.

        They may face less reputational damage than say Google or OpenAI would but I expect LWN has Chinese readers who would look dimly on this sort of thing. Some of those readers probably work for Alibaba and Tencent.

        I'm not necessarily saying they wouldn't do it if there was some incentive to do so but I don't see the upside for them.

      mikkupikku an hour ago

      NSA, trying to force everybody onto their Cloudflare reservation.

  • tedivm 2 hours ago

    I solved this problem for my blog by simply not being interesting.

      naiv an hour ago

      TIL about Git Brag because of your blog. It is interesting.

      fancyfredbot an hour ago

      If you can bore an LLM that's exciting.

        chuckadams an hour ago

        Bore-a-Bot, the new service from Confuse-a-Cat.

        sandworm101 31 minutes ago

        I would rather setup a "shadow" site designed only for LLMs. I would stuff it with ao much insanity that Grok would not be able to leave. How about a billion blog post where every use of "American" is replaced with "Canadian". By the time im done, grok will be spouting conspiracy theories about the decline of the strategic bacon reserve.

  • jacquesm 2 hours ago

    AI allows companies to resell open source code as if they wrote it themselves doing an end run around all license terms. This is a major problem.

    Of course they're not going to stop at just code. They need all the rest of it as well.

      kimixa 36 minutes ago

      I worked on an extremely niche project revolving around an old DOS game. Code I worked on is often pretty much the only reference for some things.

      It's trivially easy to get claude to scrape that and regurgitate it under any requested licence (some variable names changes, but exactly the same structure - though it got one of the lookup tables wrong, which is one of the few things you could argue aren't copyrighted there).

      It'll even cheerfully tell you it's fetching the repository while "thinking". And it's clearly already in the training data - you can get it to detail specifics even disallowing that.

      If I referenced copywritten code we didn't have the license for (as is the case for copyleft licenses if you don't follow the restrictions) while employed as a software engineer I'd be fired pretty quick from any corporation. And rightfully so.

      People seem to have a strange idea with AI that "copyleft" code is free game to unilaterally re-license. Try doing that with leaked Microsoft code - you're breaking copyright just as much there, but a lot of people seem to perceive it very differently - and not just because of risk of enforcement but in moralizing about it too.

      palmotea an hour ago

      > AI allows companies to resell open source code as if they wrote it themselves doing an end run around all license terms. This is a major problem.

      Has it been adjudicated that AI use actually allows that? That's definitely what the AI bros want (and will loudly assert), but that doesn't mean it's true.

        Sharlin 26 minutes ago

        I don't think so. Because LLMs aren't legal persons (yet?!), they can neither have copyright to anything nor violate someone else's copyright. IANAL but the most reasonable legal interpretation is likely that any IP violations are actually committed by whoever it was who asked an LLM to "rewrite" something in a way that obviously counts as a derived work rather than a cleanroom implementation.

      zipy124 2 hours ago

      From the creators of easy money laundering (crypto bros), we now bring you easy money laundering 2: intellectual property laundering, coming to a theatre near you soon!

        gruez 2 hours ago

        >From the creators of easy money laundering (crypto bros),

        Is there even any evidence that "crypto bros" and "AI bros" are even the same set of people other than being vaguely "tech" and hated by HN? At best you have someone like Altman who founded openai and had a crypto project (worldcoin), but the latter was approximately used by nobody. What about everyone else? Did Ilya Sutskever have a shitcoin a few years ago? Maybe Changpeng Zhao has an AI lab?

          pkaeding a few seconds ago

          Okay, but "fad-use-of-GPU bros" doesn't roll off the tongue as well.

          themafia an hour ago

          > and had a crypto project (worldcoin)

          That was a biometric surveillance project disguised as a crypto project.

          > Is there even any evidence that "crypto bros" and "AI bros" are even the same set of people

          No, the "AI" people are far worse. I always had a choice to /not/ use crypto. The "AI" people want to hamfistedly shove their flawed investment into every product under the sun.

  • gulugawa 2 hours ago

    I've had luck blocking scrapers by overwriting JavaScript methods

    " a.getElementsByTagName = function (...args) {//Clear page content}"

    One can also hide components inside Shadow DOM to make it harder to scrape.

    However, these methods will interfere with automated testing tools such as Playwright and Selenium. Also, search engine indexing is likely to be affected.

      TurdF3rguson an hour ago

      You think you've had luck. The truth is you have no idea of knowing if this ever had any effect at all.

      bogwog an hour ago

      This is a fun idea, especially if you make those functions procedurally generate garbage to get them stuck

  • iamnothere an hour ago

    I am starting to think these are not just AI scrapers blindly seeking out data. All kinds of FOSS sites including low volume forums and blogs have been under this kind of persistent pressure for a while now. Given the cost involved in maintaining this kind of widespread constant scraping, the economics don’t seem to line up. Surely even big budget projects would adjust their scraping rates based on how many changes they see on a given site. At scale this could save a lot of money and would reduce the chance of blocking.

    I haven’t heard of the same attacks facing (for instance) niche hobby communities. Does anyone know if those sites are facing the same scale of attacks?

    Is there any chance that this is a deniable attack intended to disrupt the tech industry, or even the FOSS community in particular, with training data gathered as a side benefit? I’m just struggling to understand how the economics can work here.

      shantara 18 minutes ago

      >I haven’t heard of the same attacks facing (for instance) niche hobby communities. Does anyone know if those sites are facing the same scale of attacks?

      They are. I participate in modding communities for very niche gaming projects. All of them experienced massive DDOS attacks from AI scrappers on their websites over the past year. They are long running non-commercial projects that don’t present any business interest to anyone to be worth expending resources purely to bring them offline. They had to temporarily put the majority of their discussion boards and development resources behind a login wall to avoid having to go down completely.

      zomiaen an hour ago

      How many of these scrapers are written by AI by data-science folks who don't remotely care how often they're hitting the sites, and is data they wouldn't even think to give or ask the LLM about?

        iamnothere 44 minutes ago

        But does that explain all of the various scrapers doing the same thing across the same set of sites? And again, the sheer bandwidth and CPU time involved should eventually bother the bean counters.

        I did think of a couple of possibilities:

        - Someone has a software package or list of sites out there that people are using instead of building their own scrapers, so everyone hits the same targets with the same pattern.

        - There are a bunch of companies chasing a (real or hoped for) “scraped data” market, perhaps overseas where overhead is lower, and there’s enough excess AI funding sloshing around that they able to scrape everything mindlessly for now. If this is the case then the problem should fix itself as funding gets tighter.

      philipwhiuk 35 minutes ago

      > I haven’t heard of the same attacks facing (for instance) niche hobby communities. Does anyone know if those sites are facing the same scale of attacks?

      Yes. Fortunately if your hobby community is regional you can be fairly blunt in terms of blocks.

  • Havoc 13 minutes ago

    That makes no sense.

    There is no reason for AI scrappers to use tens of thousands of IPs to scrape one site over and over.

    That just sounds like a classic DDOS.

  • blakesterz 2 hours ago

      "It is a DDOS attack involving tens of thousands of addresses"
    
    It is amazing just how distributed some of these things are. Even on the small sites that I help host we see these types of attacks from very large numbers of diverse IPs. I'd love to know how these are being run.
      PaulDavisThe1st an hour ago

      another reference point: we've had well over 1M unique IP addresses hit git.ardour.org as part of stupid as hell git scraping effort. 1M !!!

      wongarsu an hour ago

      There are plenty of providers selling "residential proxies", distributing your crawler traffic through thousands of residential IPs. BrightData is probably the biggest, but its a big and growing market.

      And if you don't care about the "residential" part you can get proxies with data center IPs for much cheaper from the same providers. But those are easily blocked

      giantrobot an hour ago

      In the most charitable case it's some "AI" companies with an X/Y problem. They want training data so they vibe code some naive scraper (requests is all you need!) and don't ever think to ask if maybe there's some sort of common repository of web crawls, a CommonCrawl if you will.

      They don't really need to scrape training data as CommonCrawl or other content archives would be fine for training data. They don't think/know to ask what they really want: training data.

      In the least charitable interpretation it's anti-social assholes that have no concept or care about negative externalities that write awful naive scrapers.

      smitty1e 2 hours ago

      Call it a "Distributed Intelligence Logic Denial Of Service" (DILDOS) attack both to name it distinctly and characterize the source.

        random1234user an hour ago

        Might as well call it "Artificial Intelligence Distributed Intelligence Logic Denial Of Service" (AIDILDOS) sounds about right.

  • bloppe 2 hours ago

    I'm curious how they concluded this was done to scrape for AI training. If the traffic was easily distinguishable from regular users, they would be able to firewall it. If it was not, then how can they be sure it wasn't just a regular old malicious DDOS? Happens way more often than you might think. Sometimes a poorly-managed botnet can even misfire.

      MBCook an hour ago

      Why would anyone ever DDOS them? They’ve been around for about three decades now, I don’t know if they’ve ever had a DDOS attack before the AI crawling started.

  • zahlman 2 hours ago

    Is it still ongoing? The thread appears to be over 24 hours old and as a quick test I had no issue loading the main page (which is as snappy and responsive as expected from a low-bandwidth site like LWN).

      jzb an hour ago

      Not at the moment. It’s subsided for now.

  • 2OEH8eoCRo0 an hour ago

    When are we going to start suing these assholes? Why isn't anybody leveraging the legal system? You're all searching for technical solutions to a legal problem and fighting with one hand behind your back.

  • blibble 2 hours ago

    the perverse incentive is if you ddos the website such that it shuts down, no other "AI" parasites can get the valuable data

    big tech incentivised to ddos... what a world they've built

      ronsor 2 hours ago

      This sounds like a conspiracy theory.

        MBCook 2 hours ago

        I don’t think they’re saying that’s actually happening here, just that it could happen and is accidentally incentivized.

        amlib an hour ago

        The dead internet theory also sounded unhinged and conspiracy theory-ish a decade or so ago... yet here we are.

        pwdisswordfishy 2 hours ago

        If it's a conspiracy, it would be one where the Minimum Viable Conspirator Count is 1 (inclusive of one's own self).

        In that case, by that rubric literally anything that you conspire with yourself to accomplish (buying next week's groceries, making a turkey sandwich...) would also be a conspiracy.

      phkahler 2 hours ago

      Its called pulling up the ladder behind you, or building a moat!

      NitpickLawyer 2 hours ago

      Umm... what data? That's a very old newsletter-like site. Everything that's public on it has been long scraped and parsed by whoever needed it. There's 0 valuable data there for "parasites" to parasite off of.

      I also don't get the comments on the linked social site. IIUC the users posting there are somehow involved with kernel work, right? So they should know a thing or two about technical stuff? How / why are they so convinced that the big bad AI baddies are scraping them, and not some miss-configured thing that someone or another built? Is this their first time? Again, there's nothing there that hasn't been indexed dozens of times already. And... sorry to say it, but neither newsletters nor the 1-3 comments on each article are exactly "prime data" for any kind of training.

      These people have gone full tinfoil hat and spewing hate isn't doing them any favours.

        homebrewer 2 hours ago

        Because it started in 2022 and hasn't subsided since? This is just the latest iteration of "AI" scrapers destroying the site, and the worst one yet.

        https://lwn.net/Articles/1008897

        Your nonsense about LWN being a "newsletter" and having "zero valuable data" isn't doing you any favors. It is the prime source of information about Linux kernel development, and Linux development in general.

        "AI" cancer scraping the same thing over and over and over again is not news for anybody even with a cursory interest in this subject. They've been doing it for years.

          NitpickLawyer 2 hours ago

          > LWN.net is a reader-supported news site

          I mean...

          Again, the site is so old that anything worth while is already in cc or any number of crawls. I am not saying they weren't scraped. I'm saying they likely weren't scraped by the bad AI people. And certainly not by AI companies trying to limit others from accessing that data (as the person who I replied to stated).

            spinningslate an hour ago

            I’m going to presume good faith rather than trolling. Some questions for you:

            1. Coding assistants have emerged as as one of the primary commercial opportunities for AI models. As GP pointed out, LWN is the primary discussion for kernel development. If you were gathering training data for a model, and coding assistance is one of your goals, and you know of a primary sources of open source development expertise, would you:

              (a) ignore it because it’s in a quaint old format, or
            
              (b) slurp up as much as you can?
            
            2. If you’d previously slurped it up, and are now collating data for a new training run, and you know it’s an active mailing list that will have new content since you last crawled it, would you:

              (a) carefully and respectfully leave it be, because you still get benefit from the previous content even though there’s now more and it’s up to date, or
            
              (b) hoover up every last drop because anything you can do to get an edge over your competitors means you get your brief moment of glory in the benchmarks when you release?
              NitpickLawyer 29 minutes ago

              I train coding models with RLVR because that's what works. There's ~0.000x good signal in mailing lists that isn't in old mailing lists. (and, since I can't reply to the other person, I mean old as in established, it is in no way a dig to lwn).

              You seem to be missing my point. There is 0 incentives for AI training companies to behave like this. All that data is already in the common crawls that every lab uses. This is likely from other sources. Yet they always blame big bad AI...

            MBCook an hour ago

            Why is it each of your comments seems to include a dig attacking LWN?

        MBCook 2 hours ago

        I don’t think they were talking about LWN specifically but just in general.

  • chrisjj 2 hours ago

    So which is it? DDOS attack or "AI" scrapers?

      TurdF3rguson an hour ago

      Scrapers because DDOS implies that it's malicious rather than accidental and there's no reason to think that.

        chrisjj 21 minutes ago

        Right, so probably the site should not be claiming "It is a DDOS attack".

      fabian2k 2 hours ago

      Sufficiently aggressive and inconsiderate scraping is indistinguishable from a DDOS attack.

        chrisjj 20 minutes ago

        No scraper seeks to deny the service it needs.

        And no responsible site operator unable to distinguish should claim DDOS.

      Y-bar 2 hours ago

      A sufficiently stupid and egregious AI scraper is indistinguishable from a DDOS attack.

      Edit: Fabian2k was ten seconds ahead. Damn!